pentaerythritol propoxylate (PEP) (Figure 23.4b) [28]. All the composites were fabricated by

electro-polymerization and the resulting polyol-PPy films were interconnected through

hydrogen bonding forming a dynamic network structure. PEE-PPy films provided the

overall best performance for flexible electronic applications.

Hydrogels were often the best choice in bioelectronics due to their inherent bio­

compatibility and tunable tissue-like mechanical characteristics. In this aspect, SF films

were utilized to make bilayer electrochemical actuation devices. Acid-modified SF

films were coated with PPy by in situ polymerization in which FeCl3 was oxidant and

FIGURE 23.4

Illustration depicting various fabrication strategies for flexible PPy composites. (a) Schematic illustration of the

fabrication of PPy/NM FSC. Reprinted with permission [ 26]. Copyright (2019) Elsevier B.V. (b) Structure design

of polyol-PPy composites. (a) Dynamic network in the animal dermis is formed by the interconnection between

collagen fibers and elastin fibers. (b) Dynamic network structure formed between polyols and polypyrrole

through hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions. (c) Photograph of a PEE-PPy film. Reprinted with

permission [ 28]. Copyright (2017) American Chemical Society). (c) Schematic illustration for the synthesis

process of PVA nanocomposite films. (a) Synthesis of CNC−PPy nanocomposites and (b) CNF−PPy nano­

composites. (c) Preparation and structure of a PVA nanocomposite film. Reprinted with permission [ 29].

Copyright (2019) American Chemical Society.

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